To review the phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of some common Indian weed plants. Materials and Methods: The information was collected and compiled from scientific literature present in different databases viz., Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, Elsevier and Google Scholar. Results: Literature search revealed that weeds possess diverse group of phytoconstiuents such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, saponins etc. Weeds have been used for their therapeutic values in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. The phytoconstituents present in them are responsible for the biological activities. Conclusion: Natural products of plant origin have been used for the treatment of various infectious and degenerative diseases. The diversity of phytochemicals present in plants provides drug leads for the development of novel therapeutic agents.

To determine the awareness among student of Pharm D, MBBS and general population with thalassemia major (TM) regarding the disease. Methods: This (cross sectional) study was conducted among students of MBBS, Pharm. D in different private and government sector universities in Karachi having close ended questions related to their knowledge about thalassemia from Sep 2013 to October 2013. Different Parents were interviewed using a pre designed questionnaire. Questions regarding duration of illness, screening of blood awareness regarding, mode of transmission of disease, prevention and treatment were asked. Results: We’ve determined the awareness ratio and found out that the awareness rate of thalassemia was not up to the mark as we thought. Among 200 populations only 22% of the people had good knowledge about thalassemia and rest 78% of people were not well aware of the disease as well as its consequences. Conclusion: From this survey we conclude that the awareness of people on thalassemia is negligible.

Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease entity but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia.The morbidity associated with long-standing diabetes of either type (Type I and Type II) results from several serious complications. The pathogenesis of the long-term complications of diabetes is multifactorial, although persistent hyperglycemia (“glucotoxicity”) seems to be a key mediator.1 Much of the evidence supporting a role for glycemic control in ameliorating the long-term complications of diabetes has come from large randomized trials.2 The assessment of glycemic control in these trials has been based on the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as HbA1C. The American Dietetic Association recommends that HbA1C be maintained below 7% in diabetic patients. Following widespread recognition that sustained hyperglycaemia is an important determinant of the long term complication 3,4, there has been renewed interest in monitoring Control of diabetes5.The discovery of glycosylated haemoglobin has therefore been timely,measurement of it should allow more objective assessment of control.

To study the pattern of drug prescribed to diabetic patients & the effectiveness of combination & mono therapy. Method: We took a survey of primary & tertiary care hospitals to gather the data for this study randomized diabetic patients of type 1 & type 2 diabetes of different age, gender & conditions. Results: We included 110 patients for this study to check the effectiveness of combination & mono therapy in diabetic patients. Out of 110 patients we found 37 patients on mono therapy of metformin & the % effectiveness was 32%, 30 patients on insulin monotherapy, 13 patients taking combination therapy of insulin plus metformin & the % effectiveness was 54%, combination therapy of metformin plus sulphonyl urea were taken by 22 patients among which only 3 patients were on effective therapy & % effectiveness was found to be 14%. The result shows that combination of insulin plus metformin is more effective than the combination of metformin plus sulphonyl lurea & mono therapy of insulin & metformin. Conclusion: Combined therapy with insulin plus oral agents is widely used and has been shown to be effective in improving glycemic control in many short-term studies. When oral therapy is continued during insulin therapy, enhancing effectiveness of endogenous insulin control with similar hypoglycemic risk, or equal glycemic control with less hypoglycemia

To develop and validate simple, sensitive, robust, rapid and specific isocratic RP-UPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in tablet dosage form. Methods: The developed method consisting the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.02 M Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (55:45) with isocratic programming, BEH C18 (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) column as stationary phase with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/minute. Results and discussion: Proposed method was found to be linear for Amlodipine and Atorvastatin in the concentration range of 0.5 to 40.0 μg/mL with r2 of 0.9999 for Amlodipine and 0.9997 for Atorvastatin respectively. Precision study showed that the percentage relative standard deviation was within the range of acceptable limits, and the mean recovery was found to be 100.79 % for assay of Amlodipine and 99.87% for Atorvastatin in tablet dosage form .The LOD and LOQ of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin were found to be 0.062 and 0.078μg/ml and 0.020 and 0.026 μg/mL.

Chronotherapeutics is a method of treatment in which in-vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease, in order to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize side effects. From past several decades pulsatile delivery system has gained a lot interest as dosage form. Pulsatile delivery system aims to release drugs in planned pattern which means at appropriate time or at appropriate site. Several controlled release preparations are available which maintains constant drug concentration in the blood and tissues but it is not desired all the time as it has some side effects such as resistance, tolerability and drug side effects. Diseases wherein pulsatile drug delivery systems are effective include asthma, peptic ulcer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, attention deficit syndrome in children, and hypercholesterolemia. For preparing pulsatile delivery system, various design strategies have been proposed, most of them are time controlling, stimuli induced, externally regulated and multiparticulate formulations. Pulsatile delivery system is very much useful in case of drugs having chronopharmacological behavior, for the drug having high first pass metabolism effect and for those drugs which have specific site of adsorption in the GIT. Various polymeric materials are used in order to achieve desired lag time in pulsatile release dosage forms. The present article covers findings about the diseases which follows circardian rhythm and can be treated effectively by pulsatile delivery system. Here we also covered various methods of novel pulsatile drug delivery systems that might be able to release the therapeutic agents after proper lag time and at specific site of git.